Quran Chapter 4- 11a (Pt-4,
Stg-1) (L-514) - درس قرآن
Distribution of inheritance
Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
‘A-‘uu-zu Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)
يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّنِسَآءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَٰحِدَةً فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُنلَّهُۥ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُ مِنۢ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِى بِهَآ أَوْ دَيْنٍ ءَابَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْأَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا 11
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11a. Allah commands you concerning (the provision for)
your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and
if there be only women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the
inheritance, and if there be one (only) then for her is the half.
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11a. Yuusii-kumUllaahu fiii
‘aw-laadikum lizzakari mislu haz-zil-‘unsa-yayn.
Fa-‘in- kunna nisaaa-‘an fawqas-natayni fala-hunna
sulusaa maa tarak. Wa ‘in-kaanat
waahidatan- fala-han-nisf.
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Commentary
Yuusii-kum – (He
commands you), this word has been derived from wasi-yat, which
means a last will, legacy, commandment and testament left by any deceased
person. However, in this verse Allah Almighty is commanding directly about the
proportion of the portions for the men and the women.
Distribution of inheritance is most important
maxim of our social life. Even success of the society is connected with its
accurate distribution. A common principle about the division of the heritage
has been determined here that each male will get double while each female will
be given single portion, whether the male and the female are one and one, or
any of them is more in number.
Haz-zil-‘unsa-yayn – (equal to two
women), according to certain Divine Laws, the female has no portion from the
inheritance. During the period of ignorance also, the heritage was used to
divide only in the marriageable men. Against this violence, the voice arose in
the present time that the portion from inheritance should be distributed
equally between the male and the female.
Islamic Law is among the both in this matter,
which has determined the portion double for the male than the female.
Its first reason is that the woman is
responsible only to train the children. She is neither responsible, nor would
think about the livelihood. The male has been held responsible to provide the
expenditures for his wife, children and other members of his family. Therefore,
it is exactly reasonable and according to the just, that he should be given more
portions from the heritage.
Another reason may be too that the married
woman usually gets dowry from her parents (the portion from her father’s
earnings) in addition to her husband’s inheritance, but the man receives his
share only from one side.
If there are just two girls then their total
portion will be two-third and each of them will get one-third. Then whether the
girls are how more than the two, their collective portion from the heritage
will remain the same i.e. two-third. Remaining one-third share will be given to
other kinsfolk and relatives.
If there is only one girl then she will get
half portion of total heritage and remaining half portion will be
distributed to other relatives. But if the relatives etc are not present then
that remaining half will also be given to the girl.
If
there is no daughter but only the son (whether one or more than one), then they
will be the heirs of the whole legacy.
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Commandments of God through Qur'an